Makhana Board
In a big boost for Bihar’s agriculture sector, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman has announced the establishment of a Makhana Board in the Union Budget 2025-26. This move aims to strengthen the production, processing, and marketing of makhana (fox nuts), a crop that holds immense economic and cultural significance for the state.
Why Does Bihar Need a Makhana Board?
Bihar is India’s largest producer of makhana, accounting for over 90% of the country’s total output. The nutrient-rich fox nuts are widely consumed in India and exported to global markets. Despite this, the industry has been struggling due to several challenges:
- Traditional and Inefficient Processing Methods Most farmers still rely on old-fashioned techniques, leading to inconsistent quality and lower yields.
- Limited Market Reach: Farmers often sell makhana at lower prices due to a lack of direct access to national and international markets.
- Lack of Value Addition: Unlike other agricultural products, makhana hasn’t seen much innovation in terms of processing and packaging, limiting its profitability.
The Makhana Board aims to tackle these issues head-on, helping farmers earn more while expanding Bihar’s footprint in the global market.
What Will the Makhana Board Do?
The newly announced board is expected to bring structure and efficiency to the Makhana industry through:
✔ Training & Skill Development: Educating farmers on modern cultivation and processing techniques to improve productivity.
✔ Infrastructure Development: Setting up advanced processing units, storage facilities, and packaging centers.
✔ Market Expansion: helping farmers sell their products directly to large buyers, cutting out middlemen.
✔ Research & Development: encouraging innovation to develop new makhana-based products like snacks, cereals, and energy bars.
Who Are the Key Stakeholders?
For this initiative to succeed, multiple players will need to collaborate, including:
- Farmers & Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs): The backbone of the industry, farmers will receive direct benefits like better prices, training, and financial assistance.
- Government Agencies: Both state and central government bodies will provide support in the form of policies, subsidies, and infrastructure projects.
- Private Sector & Exporters: Businesses involved in food processing and exports will play a crucial role in expanding Makhana’s reach beyond India.
- Research Institutions: Scientists and agricultural experts will contribute by developing better farming methods and value-added products.
Makhana Production and Exports
Bihar is the leading state in makhana production, contributing to over 90% of India’s total output. Makhana cultivation is primarily concentrated in districts like Darbhanga, Madhubani, Purnia, and Katihar. Despite its dominance in production, the industry remains largely unorganized, with most farmers using traditional methods that result in lower efficiency and inconsistent quality.
According to government data:
- Annual production of makhana in India stands at approximately 100,000 metric tons, with Bihar leading the charts.
- Exports of makhana have been steadily rising, particularly to markets in the USA, UK, UAE, and Australia due to its nutritional benefits and increasing global demand for healthy snacks.
- The ICAR-RCER (Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Research Complex for Eastern Region) has been actively studying and recommending improvements in makhana farming techniques, value addition, and supply chain efficiencies.
How Will This Impact Bihar’s Economy?
The formation of the Makhana Board isn’t just good news for farmers—it has the potential to transform Bihar’s economy in several ways:
- Increased Farmer Income: With better processing and market access, farmers can expect higher prices for their produce.
- Job Creation: Setting up processing units and supply chains will generate employment, especially in rural areas.
- Boost in Exports: With quality control and branding, Bihar’s makhana can make a stronger impact in global markets.
- Sustainable Agriculture: encouraging scientific farming techniques will ensure long-term growth and environmental sustainability.
A Brighter Future for Bihar’s Makhana Farmers
For centuries, makhana farming in Bihar has been a symbol of tradition and livelihood for thousands of families. With the formation of the Makhana Board, the future looks promising. By bringing in modern technology, better infrastructure, and greater market access, this initiative is set to empower farmers and position Bihar as a global hub for makhana production.
As Bihar takes this bold step forward, the dream of transforming its agricultural landscape is one step closer to reality. Now, all eyes are on how effectively this board will be implemented to bring real change to the lives of farmers.